![]() ![]() 1800 BC), continuing through the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian periods ( c. The history of scholarly celestial divination is therefore generally reported to begin with late Old Babylonian texts ( c. There is speculation that astrology of some form appeared in the Sumerian period in the 3rd millennium BC, but the isolated references to ancient celestial omens dated to this period are not considered sufficient evidence to demonstrate an integrated theory of astrology. In Babylon as well as in Assyria as a direct offshoot of Babylonian culture, astrology takes its place as one of the two chief means at the disposal of the priests (who were called bare or "inspectors") for ascertaining the will and intention of the gods, the other being through the inspection of the livers of sacrificial animals (see omen). Babylonian astrology was the first known organized system of astrology, arising in the second millennium BC.
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